The embroidered front cover of The Miroir or Glasse of the Synneful Soul
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The Miroir or Glasse of the Synneful Soul is a manuscript book that was given to Catherine Parr by her stepdaughter, the future Elizabeth I of England in 1544, when Elizabeth was eleven years old. Elizabeth translated the poem from the French work Miroir de l'âme pécheresse by Marguerite de Navarre, into English prose and wrote the manuscript with her own hand, dedicating it with the words, 'From Assherige, the last daye of the yeare of our Lord God 1544 ... To our most noble and vertuous Quene Katherin, Elizabeth her humble daughter wisheth perpetuall felicitie and everlasting joye,'[1] Elizabeth probably also embroidered the bookbinding. This book is now owned by the Bodleian Library.[2]
Prayers of Queen Katherine Parr[edit]
Prayers of Queen Katherine Parr
Miroir Micro Projector Element Series
A second embroidered manuscript book, entitled Prayers of Queen Katherine Parr, is also attributed to Elizabeth as a gift to the queen dated 20 December 1545. It contains prayers or meditations the queen had originally composed in English, which the princess had translated into French, Latin and Italian, handwritten in the princess's hand on vellum. The inscription reads 'Precationes ... ex piis scriptoribus per nobiliss. et pientiss. D. Catharinam Anglie, Francie, Hibernieq. reginam collecte, et per D. Elizabetam ex anglico converse.' It is, moreover, dedicated to Elizabeth's father Henry VIII, the wording being, 'Illustrissimo Henrico octavo, Anglie, Francie, Hibernieq. regi,' etc.[2]
Embroidery[edit]
The Miroir or Glasse of the Synneful Soul[edit]
The Miroir or Glasse of the Synneful Soul measures about 7' by 5' and has an identical design on both covers, worked in blue silk in a tapestry stitch over canvas with interlacing scrollwork of gold and silver braid that joins the queen's initials K.P. in the center. Each corner of the front depicts a heartsease (Viola) in purple, green and yellow silk with gold thread. The back cover is well worn; its corner embroidery is difficult to identify, but was probably floral.[2]
Prayers of Queen Katherine Parr[edit]
The second book is smaller than the first, only 5¾' by 4', and is also bound in canvas. The background is red silk worked in a similar stitching method to the Miroir cover. Most of the design is a large monogram in blue silk and silver thread that contains the letters K, A, F, H, and R. The K refers to Katherine and the other letters probably signify Latin initials for rulership (actual or claimed) of England, France and Ireland. Like the first book, heartsease flowers decorate the corners. The back cover is worn beyond recognition.[2]
Similarities[edit]
Both book dedications declare that the written content is the work of Elizabeth. Although no written record definitively affirms the tradition that Elizabeth also worked these embroideries, experts affirm that both covers are the handiwork of the same craftswoman. They use similar heavy grades of silk and silver thread, with thematically similar motifs and similar stitching. Elizabeth is known to have made and embroidered a shirt for her brother Edward when she was six years old. She was an accomplished needlewoman in an era when needlework was held in high esteem.[2]
Cyril Davenport particularly notes the canvas covers as evidence that these embroideries were worked in Elizabeth's own hand. 'Canvas bindings were rare – most of the embroidered work on books of that period were splendid works on velvet...instead of very elementary braid work.' Canvas is easier to embroider than velvet and there could have been little other reason to use a cheap material for a royal gift, except to facilitate a child's handiwork.[2][3]
See also[edit]
Miroir Maison Du Monde
Notes[edit]
^Willis, Sam; Daybell, James (29 October 2018). Histories of the Unexpected: How Everything Has a History. Atlantic Books. pp. XCII. ISBN9781786494153 – via Google Books.
^ abcdefCyril Davenport, English Embroidered Bookbindings, Chapter 2, from Project Gutenberg.[1] Accessed 21 January 2008.
^'Guide to English Embroidered Bookbindings in the British Library'.[2] Accessed 21 January 2008. Archived January 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
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Ravel in 1907
Miroirs (French for 'Mirrors') is a five-movement suite for solo piano written by French composer Maurice Ravel between 1904 and 1905.[1] First performed by Ricardo Viñes in 1906, Miroirs contains five movements, each dedicated to a fellow member of the French avant-garde artist group Les Apaches.[2]
History[edit]
Around 1900, Maurice Ravel joined a group of innovative young artists, poets, critics, and musicians referred to as Les Apaches or 'hooligans', a term coined by Ricardo Viñes to refer to his band of 'artistic outcasts'.[3] To pay tribute to his fellow artists, Ravel began composing Miroirs in 1904 and finished it the following year. It was first published by Eugène Demets in 1906. The third and fourth movements were subsequently orchestrated by Ravel, while the fifth was orchestrated by Percy Grainger, among others.
Miroir Brot
Structure[edit]
Audio recording of Miroirs
Performed in 2014 by Olena Havyuk-Sheremet
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Miroirs has five movements, each dedicated to a member of Les Apaches:[2]
'Noctuelles' ('Moths'). D♭ major. Dedicated to Léon-Paul Fargue, Noctuelles is a highly chromatic work, maintaining a dark, nocturnal mood throughout. The middle section is calm with rich, chordal melodies, and the recapitulation takes place a fifth below the first entry.
'Oiseaux tristes' ('Sad Birds'). E♭ minor. Dedicated to Ricardo Viñes, this movement represents a lone bird whistling a sad tune, after which others join in. The rambunctious middle section is offset by a solemn cadenza which brings back the melancholy mood of the beginning.
'Une barque sur l'océan' (in English 'A Boat on the Ocean'). F♯ minor. Written for Paul Sordes, the piece recounts a boat as it sails upon the waves of the ocean. Arpeggiated sections and sweeping melodies imitate the flow of ocean currents. It is the longest piece of the set.
'Alborada del gracioso' (Spanish: 'The Jester's Aubade'). D minor — D major. Dedicated to Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi, Alborada is a technically challenging piece that incorporates Spanish musical themes into its complicated melodies.
'La vallée des cloches' ('The Valley of Bells'). C♯ minor. Dedicated to Maurice Delage, the piece evokes the sounds of various bells through its use of sonorous harmonies.
Orchestrated versions[edit]
'Une barque sur l'océan' and 'Alborada del gracioso' were orchestrated by Ravel himself. 'La vallée des cloches' has been orchestrated by Roberto Halffter for triple woodwind, four horns, timpani, percussion, two harps, celesta and strings; and Percy Grainger for a typical Grainger ensemble with multiple pianos and percussion, plus strings. 'Oiseaux tristes' has been scored by Felix Günther for double woodwind plus piccolo, two horns, two trumpets, percussion, harp, celesta and strings; though aimed at intermediate rather than advanced players, transposed down a semitone and with some of Ravel's rhythms simplified. The earliest known orchestration of 'Noctuelles' is by the British pianist Michael Round, an orchestration commissioned by Vladimir Ashkenazy and recorded by him with the NHK Symphony Orchestra (Exxon, 1993) – the recording also includes Round's scorings of the Fugue and Toccata from Le tombeau de Couperin. In orchestrated form 'Noctuelles' is scored for triple woodwind (including E♭ clarinet) minus one contrabassoon; four horns, three trumpets, three trombones and tuba, timpani, percussion, two harps, celesta and strings. There is a more recent orchestration (2001) of 'Noctuelles' by American composer Steven Stucky. It is published by Theodore Presser Company and is scored for 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes (3rd doubling English horn), 2 clarinets, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, 2 percussionists, celesta, two harps, and strings. In 2001 American conductor Leif Bjaland orchestrated 'Oiseaux tristes' scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, harp, and strings. In 2003 the British composer Simon Clarke made an orchestration of the three movements that Ravel did not orchestrate.[4]
Miroir Ikea
See also[edit]
References[edit]
^'Miroirs'. Maurice Ravel Frontispice. 'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2010-04-17. Retrieved 2010-04-17.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ab'Miroirs'. Piano Society. http://www.pianosociety.com/cms/index.php?section=171
^Orenstein, 1991, p. 28
^[1]
External links[edit]
Miroir Mural
Miroirs: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Recording of Miroirs, performed by Thérèse Dussaut, in MP3 format:
Recording of Miroirs, performed by Felipe Sarro: Archive.org
Miroir M75
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